Comparative efficacy of tocotrienol and tocopherol (vitamin E) on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in humans Authors Saima Rafique Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Dilshad Ahmed Khan Department of Pathology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Kulsoom Farhat Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Muhammad Asghar Khan National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Mudassar Noor Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Mahjabeen Sharif Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.9227 Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases, Vitamin E, Atherosclerosis, Tocotrienol, Dyslipidaemia, Tocopherol, Hypercholesterolemia, Human studies Abstract Objectives: To compare the efficacy of tocotrienol and tocopherol in the management of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Method: The systematic review was conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines 2020, and comprised literature search from 2002 till January 5, 2023, on PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Google, Wiley-Inter Science Library, Medline, SpringerLink and Taylor and Francis databases. The search was conducted using key words, such as: “tocopherol”, “tocotrienol”, “vitamin E”, “dyslipidaemia”, “cardiovascular diseases” “cardioprotective”, “hypercholesterolemia” and “atherosclerosis” along with Boolean operators. Human clinical studies regarding the use of tocotrienol or tocopherol or comparison of its efficacy in patients having atherosclerosis, dyslipidaemia leading to cardiovascular diseases, and studies including details of efficacy of any of the four alpha, beta, gamma, delta isomers of tocopherol or tocotrienol were included. Pertinent data from the eligible studies was retrieved and reviewed. Results: Of the 516 articles identified, 12(2.3%) were subjected to detailed analysis. Tocotrienol showed better anti-oxidant efficacy by decreasing inflammatory biomarkers, normalising serum lipid parameters and modulating micro-ribonucleic acid involved in cardiovascular diseases. Tocopherol shown heterogeneity of results by either decreasing or increasing the risk of mortality in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: Compared to tocopherol, tocotrienol was found to be safe and potential candidate for improving cardiovascular health in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Key Words: Cardiovascular diseases, Vitamin E, Atherosclerosis, Tocotrienol, Dyslipidaemia, Tocopherol, Hypercholesterolemia, Human studies. Author Biographies Dilshad Ahmed Khan, Department of Pathology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Prof. Dilshad Khan is Professor of pathology and director of academics at National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Pakistan Kulsoom Farhat, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Dr. Kulsoom Farhat is Head of the department & Assoc.Prof at Department of Phamacology & Therapeutics, Army Medical College, NUMS, Pakistan Muhammad Asghar Khan, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Dr. Muhammad Asghar Khan is Asst.Prof. at Department of Biological Sciences, National university of medical sciences (NUMS), Pakistan. Mudassar Noor, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Dr. Mudassar Noor is Assoc.Prof at Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Army medical college, NUMS, Pakistan Mahjabeen Sharif, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Dr. Mahjabeen Sharif is Asst.Prof at Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Army Medical College, NUMS, Pakistan Downloads Full Text Article Published 2024-05-24 How to Cite Rafique, S., Dilshad Ahmed Khan, Kulsoom Farhat, Muhammad Asghar Khan, Mudassar Noor, & Mahjabeen Sharif. (2024). Comparative efficacy of tocotrienol and tocopherol (vitamin E) on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in humans. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 74(6), 1124–1129. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.9227 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Issue Vol. 74 No. 6 (2024): JUNE Section SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS License Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.