Problem to solution; from mammalian skin grafts to renal allograft rejection: a tale of 66 years of evolution of our understanding Authors Murtaza Dhrolia Department of Nephrology, The Kidney Centre Postgraduate Training Institute, Karachi, Pakistan Aasim Ahmad Department of Nephrology, The Kidney Centre Postgraduate Training Institute, Karachi, Pakistan DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.6600 Keywords: Evolution, Renal transplantation, Allograft rejection, Immunosuppressant Abstract The first successful kidney transplant was done in 1954, and it remains the best option for those with failed kidneys. However, the recipient’s immune system remains the most formidable barrier to transplantation, leading to rejection. Rejection continues to be the most important reason of graft malfunction and chronic renal allograft dysfunction and remains a challenge to date for successful transplant survival. The current narrative review was planned to find the best possible solution to the problem from among the different solutions presented in literature related to allograft rejection since 1954. Key Words: Evolution, Renal transplantation, Allograft rejection, Immunosuppressant. Downloads Full Text Article Published 2023-05-15 How to Cite Dhrolia, M., & Ahmad, A. (2023). Problem to solution; from mammalian skin grafts to renal allograft rejection: a tale of 66 years of evolution of our understanding. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 73(6), 1255–1265. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.6600 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Issue Vol. 73 No. 6 (2023): JUNE Section Narrative Review License Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.