Neuro-Oncology in the Real World: Challenges, Innovations, and Impact

Abstract

Neuro-oncology has advanced considerably over the past two decades through developments in molecular diagnostics, neuroimaging, microsurgical techniques, precision radiotherapy, systemic therapies, and artificial intelligence. These innovations have improved the diagnosis and management of primary and metastatic brain and spinal tumours, resulting in better patient outcomes and quality of life. However, translating these advances into routine clinical practice remains challenging, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where limited resources, inadequate infrastructure, and disparities in access to specialized care continue to affect patient outcomes.

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