The Peptide Paradox in Pharmacology of Obesity Authors Sanjay Kalra Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India; University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India; Amandeep Singh Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Nitin Kapoor Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Non communicable disease unit, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.25-53 Abstract Peptide biology is a fascinating subject, and peptidepharmacology even more so. Peptides have multiple bodilyfunctions, including their work as hormones and metabolicmodulators. However, certain pharmacodynamic andkinetic properties of peptides used in obesity result inparadoxical outcomes. It is helpful for the treating clinicianto be aware of these peptide paradoxes, which not onlyhelp in understanding the rationale of using these drugsbut also help to explain their differences in clinical actions. Keywords: biological paradox, dual agonists, GIP receptoragonists, GLP receptor agonists, glucagon agonists,peptide biology, semaglutide, tirzepatide, triple agonists, Downloads Full Text Article Published 2025-07-01 How to Cite Sanjay Kalra, Amandeep Singh, & Nitin Kapoor. (2025). The Peptide Paradox in Pharmacology of Obesity. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 75(07), 1138–1140. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.25-53 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Issue Vol. 75 No. 07 (2025): JULY Section RECENT ADVANCES IN ENDOCRINOLOGY License Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.