Pathways to prevention: insights on stemming HIV outbreaks in Larkana, Pakistan Authors Hussain Ahmed Raza Department for Educational Development, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan Mohummad Hassan Raza Raja Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan Muhammad Mussab Khakwani 5th Year MBBS Student, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan Minahil Khakwani 5th Year MBBS Student, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan Bushra Jamil Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.9627 Keywords: HIV, Epidemics, Children, Risk factors, Pakistan Abstract In the past two decades, Pakistan has faced multiple human immunodeficiency virus outbreaks, with Larkana appearing to be the hub of such outbreaks. While the previous Larkana outbreaks happened in high-risk populations, the alarming outbreak in 2019 occurred in a low-risk paediatric population, raising several concerning questions. Human immunodeficiency virus infections spilling into the general population is indicative of a steady increase in the number of cases, and the failure of control strategies to stem the concentrated epidemic from evolving. Although several causative factors have been identified from previous outbreaks, the one that occurred in 2019 may have been influenced by an additional, hitherto unexplored factor; child sexual abuse. The current narrative review was planned to summarise human immunodeficiency virus risk factors and causes identified in previous Larkana epidemics, to explore potential reasons for the outbreaks in children, ---Continue Downloads Full Text Article Published 2024-02-11 How to Cite Raza, H. A., Raja, M. H. R., Khakwani, M. M., Khakwani, M., & Jamil, B. (2024). Pathways to prevention: insights on stemming HIV outbreaks in Larkana, Pakistan. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 74(3), 544–548. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.9627 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Issue Vol. 74 No. 3 (2024): MARCH Section Narrative Review License Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.