Recent Advancements in Gremlin-1: Breast cancer Authors Nimrah Inam Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan Ayesha Hameed MBBS Graduate, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan Lubna Vohra Sana Zeeshan Department of Breast Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.AKUS-25 Abstract One of the bone’s morphogenic protein (BMP) antagonists, Gremlin-1 or GREM-1, can bind directly to BMPs. GREM-1 can act in either BMP-dependent or -independent pathways, according to research. It reinforces organogenesis, tissue differentiation, and organ fibrosis. Recent research from numerous studies has demonstrated the significance of GREM-1 in the initiation, progression, and even metastasis of different cancers, including breast, cervical, gastric, and colorectal cancers. This review highlights the function of GREM-1 in the development of breast cancer and its effect on the cellular procedures and signalling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Keywords: Bone Morphogenetic, Carcinogenesis, Organogenesis, Colorectal Neoplasms, breast cancers, stem cells Downloads Full Text Article Published 2023-01-25 How to Cite Nimrah Inam, Ayesha Hameed, Lubna Vohra, & Sana Zeeshan. (2023). Recent Advancements in Gremlin-1: Breast cancer. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 73(2), S155-S159. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.AKUS-25 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Issue Vol. 73 No. 2 (2023): Stem Cells: A New Frontier in Surgery Section Review Article