Preserving cognitive vitality: Value of cognitive rehabilitation in addressing cognitive deficits in the elderly

Abstract

The recent advancements in medical sciences has resulted
in not only increasing life expectancy of the elderly but has
also improved survival rate in elderly with neurological
disorders including those with head trauma . This has
resulted in an increasing number of persons with cognitive
deficits. Cognitive functions such as executive functioning
and memory play an important role in success of a
rehabilitation programme and therefore can positively
contribute to public health goals. Considering cognitive
decline at present has no cure and pharmacological
therapies have a limited role, efforts are usually made to
delay the onset and progression of cognitive decline and
improve quality of life. Literature suggests that active life
style, regular exercise, actively performing activities of daily
living can have a significant impact on cognitive skills. In
addition different models of cognitive rehabilitation and
approaches can be integrated into practice to improve
cognitive reserve and cause neuroplastic changes to
facilitate cognitive function by providing cognitive stimulus
and training. Moreover with technological advancements,
the computerized cognitive intervention field is growing.
This usually integrates conventional cognitive intervention
with digital smart devices to provide an engaging and cost
effective alternate approach. This review aims to highlight
the importance of cognitive rehabilitation and suggest a
few evidence based approaches that may be considered
by rehabilitation professionals to promote and improve
cognitive rehabilitation in Pakistan.
Keywords: Cognition, Cognitive Decline, Cognitive
Rehabilitation, Elderly, Executive functions, Memory.